Think about conversations you have with one other person, and whether you use their name and if so, why you use it. At first blush I'd say when I wanted to stress a point or let my addressee know I was a bit narked. But I do love you, er, Geraldine . Or I've already told you twice, Fred. I'm wondering why the politicians I hear being interviewed on the Today programme use an interviewer's first name so much, and why I find it so annoying. According to Huddleston and Pullum, the use of a proper name in this way is the vocative function. It can include substitution - darling is the most obvious example. "Vocatives can be used to call someone ( Kim, dinner's ready! ), to attract their attention, to single out one person among a group as the addressee, and so on. It will be clear that from the above survey, however, that vocative terms generally convey a considerable amount about the speaker's social relations or emotive attitude towards the addressee, ...